Category: Standards & Protocols

Introduction DFS is not a new topic and anyone who has a little bit of knowledge of RF or WiFi has some sort of understanding regarding DFS or DFS channels etc. There…

MU-PPDU: We have explored the first part (MU-trigger frame) of MU-OFDMA transmission already in a different post. Once the following conditions are met: MU-RTS trigger frame sent by the AP CTS response…

My plan was to explain DL MU-OFDMA which includes trigger frames, CTS, MU-PPDU, and ACK  in one post but that would become boring. so I have decided to split it into 2…

802.11ax or WIFI6 final specifications from WIFI alliance is yet to be announced.  802.11ax access points and client devices are already in the market. 802.11ax bringing us efficiency with the help of…

WLAN Topologies AKA Service Sets: I would like to talk about WLAN topologies or service sets which are not difficult to but very important to understand. 802.11 defines different topologies or service…

I was thinking to write about the 4-way handshake and started to think that from where I should start writing. Shall I just describe 4-way handshake which can be found everywhere on…

The primary objective of 802.11ax AKA Wi-Fi 6 is to make sure that Wi-Fi devices use RF spectrum more efficiently. RF spectrum is a very precious resource and we need to make…

Question Time: I was quite confuse before I started my journey towards CWNE that why we have 802.11 states order as shown below. Why on the earth we have authentication before we…

The 802.11 standard ensures that all stations, both radio-based network interface cards (NICs) and access points, implement access methods for sharing the air medium. When installing wireless LANs (WLAN), most people don’t…